Archive for 'Articles'

Domestic Assault Charges and the PAR program

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It has now become standard practice throughout the criminal courts of Southern Ontario to offer an Early Intervention Program for many people facing a domestic assault charge.  For those courthouses that do offer such a program, each will typically have its own particular way of administering it and selecting eligible candidates.  In a nutshell, here is how it works:  If you have been screened for the Early Intervention Program, your case will be adjourned to a day of the month ...

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Ontario Court of Appeal Upholds Absolute Discharge For Importing Khat

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In the recent decision of R v. Tina Maria DeSousa , the Ontario Court of Appeal upheld a trial judge’s decision in granting an absolute discharge to a young woman who pleaded guilty to importing 34 kilograms of “khat” into Canada.  The estimated street value was $17,000.  There was a joint submission before the trial judge by lawyers from both sides recommending a conditional sentence (or house arrest).  The trial judge decided to undercut this position and, instead, granted Ms ...

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The Impact Of Technology On The Defence Of A Criminal Case

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The modern era of technology has impacted our lives in many ways.  To some extent, our effective intelligence has increased significantly as we rely more and more on the Internet to provide us with instant answers and insights into the infinite scenarios we face on a daily basis.  Image walking into the liquor store, looking for the perfect bottle of wine to complement your barbeque steak dinner that evening.  Don’t know anything about wine?  Just ‘google’ it and you’ve got ...

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The Real Estate Industry And Its Obligations Under The PCMLTFA

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The Proceeds of Crime Money Laundering Terrorist Financing Act (PCMLTFA) applies to real estate brokers and sales representatives/agents.  A broker or agent/representative is defined under the Act as a person or entity that is registered or licensed in a province to sell or purchase real estate.  For employees of a reporting entity, the requirements under the PCMLTFA are the responsibility of the broker.  However, the employee still has obligations to report suspicious transactions and terrorist property.

The obligations under the PCMLTFA ...

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Shoplifting: Understanding Why People Do It

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There is a misconception among the general public that people who shoplift do it because they are greedy or it is about the money.  As a lawyer in practice for nearly twenty years, I have represented many people who have been charged with shoplifting.  The reason for having committed the offence is rarely so cut and dry.  It is true – there are some who were just hoping to get away with not having to pay for the item.  However, ...

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Drinking and Driving: The Multiple Offender And Increased Penalties

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In Canada, the penalties for drinking and driving grow progressively stiffer with each subsequent conviction.  We have mandatory minimum sentences, which means that judges cannot sentence a person found guilty of a drinking and driving offence below the mandatory prescribed minimum punishment for drinking and driving.  As of the writing of this article, the mandatory minimum fine for a first offence is $1000.  For a second conviction the mandatory minimum sentence jumps to thirty days in jail.  For each subsequent ...

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When is a youth record under the YCJA destroyed?

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There is a common misconception that a youth record kept under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) will automatically be destroyed once a young person reaches the age of 18 years.  This is not the test for determining when a youth record might cease to exist.  In fact, it is quite possible to find yourself in a situation where your youth record becomes permanent.

A youth record is basically a history of information kept either for a purpose stated in the ...

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9 Things You Should Know Before You Plead Guilty To A Criminal Offence

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Deciding to plead guilty to a criminal charge is always a tough decision to make.  The consequences are serious enough that it should be a carefully considered decision made in consultation with an experienced criminal defence lawyer.  There are several things you must understand before pleading guilty:

  1. You must be prepared to admit that you are guilty of the offence you are pleading guilty to.  This may sound obvious but there are many people who will stand up in court ...

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Historical allegations of sexual assault: Understanding how the evidence in such cases is analyzed

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Cases arising out of allegations of distant events such as claims of sexual assault from a long time ago can be challenging for a court to analyze and assess.  More often than not, there is little in the way of physical evidence leaving the court with little more than the testimony of the complainant alleging the historical sexual assault.  In such instances, the court must exercise caution and scrutiny in analyzing the evidence.

Complainants in sexual assault cases can appear to ...

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Money Service Businesses, The PCMLTFA, and FINTRAC

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All Money Service Businesses (MSBs) in Canada have legal obligations under the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) Terrorist Financing Act and must be registered with the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC).

A money service business refers to a person or entity that engages in foreign exchange dealing, remitting or transmitting funds, issuing or redeeming money orders, traveller’s cheques and other similar negotiable instruments (but doesn’t include cashing cheques made out to a particular individual or entity), and ...

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